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conveying passage

  • 1 канал

    bed радио, canal, bore, cavity, chain, artificial channel, channel, channeling, circuit связь, conduit, cut, duct, ( матрицы или волоки) orifice, hole, pass, conveying passage, flow passage, water passage, passage, path, port, race, channel slot, ( в системах пакетной связи) slot, track кфт., ( передачи данных) trunk вчт., watercourse
    * * *
    кана́л м.
    кана́л закры́т или откры́т для прохо́да судо́в — the canal is closed or opened to traffic
    облицо́вывать кана́л — line a canal
    осуществля́ть судохо́дство по кана́лу — navigate a canal
    кана́л подаё́т во́ду … — a canal conveys water from … to …
    по кана́лу перево́зится ( столько-то) [m2]тонн гру́за — the canal handles [carries] (so many) tons of cargo
    2. свз. channel
    выделя́ть кана́л — drop (off) a channel
    занима́ть кана́л — capture a channel
    кана́л мо́жно уплотни́ть телефо́нным и телегра́фным кана́лами — a telephone channel may be combined with telegraph channels
    организова́ть кана́л — derive a channel
    освобожда́ть кана́л — relinquish a channel
    ответвля́ть кана́л — drop a channel
    отводи́ть [назнача́ть] кана́л — assign [allocate] a channel
    перегружа́ть кана́л — congest a channel
    кана́л поражё́н — the channel is disturbed [perturbed, victimized]
    разделя́ть кана́лы — separate channels
    кана́л свобо́ден — the channel is clear
    укла́дывать кана́лы — insert (blocks of) channels into proper position in the base-band frequency spectrum
    уплотня́ть кана́л с временны́м разделе́нием — time-multiplex a channel, use a channel on a time-division multiplex basis
    уплотня́ть кана́л с часто́тным разделе́нием — frequency-multiplex a channel, use a channel on a frequency-division multiplex basis
    кана́л явля́ется исто́чником перехо́дных поме́х — this is a disturbing [offending] channel
    5. ( проход) conduit, duct, passage
    абоне́нтский кана́л — local [subscriber's] loop
    безнапо́рный кана́л — gravity-flow conduit
    кана́л без обра́тной свя́зи — one-way channel
    вентиляцио́нный кана́л
    1. air [ventilation, cooling] duct
    2. ( линейный) venting channel
    вертика́льный кана́л ( мартена) — down-take, uptake
    вертика́льный, возду́шный кана́л ( мартена) — air uptake
    водоотво́дный кана́л — catch drain, drainage canal
    водопрово́дный кана́л — water-supply [water-conveying] canal
    водосли́вный кана́л — overflow canal
    волочи́льный кана́л метал.die hole
    кана́л воспроизведе́ния — reproducing channel
    впускно́й кана́л — admission [intake, inlet, induction] port
    выпускно́й кана́л — exhaust [outlet] port
    вытяжно́й кана́л
    1. exhaust duct
    2. горн. foul air flue
    газоотводя́щий кана́л — gas-escape channel
    деривацио́нный кана́л — diversion canal
    кана́л для прово́док стр.service duct
    кана́л для сбро́са па́водка — floodway, flood control canal
    кана́л для уравне́ния давле́ния — pressure equalizing passage
    зали́вочный кана́л пласт.sprue channel
    кана́л за́писи — recording channel
    кана́л запро́са навиг.interrogation link
    кана́л звуково́го сопровожде́ния тлв.sound channel
    зерка́льный кана́л радиоimage channel
    золово́й кана́л тепл.sluiceway
    кана́л изображе́ния тлв.video channel
    искрово́й кана́л физ.spark channel
    ка́бельный кана́л — cable duct
    ка́бельный, бето́нный кана́л — concrete trough
    кана́л ка́бельной канализа́ции — cable duct
    кла́панный кана́л автоvalve port
    кана́л ко́ксовой батаре́и, подо́вый — sole flue
    кана́л ко́ксовой пе́чи, перекидно́й — crossover flue
    контро́льный кана́л ( системы передачи по ЛЭП) — pilot channel
    лесоспла́вный кана́л ( в составе гидроузла) — log chute
    лесоспла́вный кана́л слу́жит для про́пуска сплавно́го ле́са че́рез плоти́ну — the log chute puts logs through the dam
    ли́тниковый кана́л
    1. литейн. gate
    2. пласт. sprue channel
    лопа́точный кана́л ( турбины) — blade passage
    маслопрово́дный кана́л авто — oil duct, oil passage
    ма́сляный кана́л двс.oil gallery
    межлопа́точный кана́л ( турбины) — blade passage
    мелиорати́вный кана́л — soil-reclamation canal
    морско́й кана́л — maritime canal
    мультипле́ксный кана́л — multiplexor channel
    мультипле́ксный кана́л мо́жет рабо́тать в мультипле́ксном или монопо́льном режи́ме — the multiplexor channel can operate in the multiplex or burst modes
    мультипле́ксный кана́л освобожда́ет проце́ссор от непосре́дственной свя́зи с устро́йствами вво́да-вы́вода — the multiplexor channel relieves the processor of communicating directly with I/ O devices
    мультипле́ксный кана́л осуществля́ет непосре́дственное управле́ние устро́йствами вво́да-вы́вода — the multiplexor channel is the direct controller of I/ O devices
    мультипле́ксный кана́л рабо́тает по запро́сам — the multiplexor channel operates on demand
    мультипле́ксный, ба́йтовый кана́л — byte multiplexor channel
    мультипле́ксный, бло́ковый кана́л — block multiplexor channel
    кана́л мундштука́ пласт.die channel
    кана́л наса́дки регенера́тора тепл.checker flue
    обводни́тельный кана́л — water supply canal
    обводно́й кана́л гидр.by-pass (channel)
    объё́мный кана́л полупр.bulk channel
    ороси́тельный кана́л — irrigation [irrigating] channel
    ороси́тельный, магистра́льный кана́л — irrigating main
    осуши́тельный кана́л — drainage channel
    кана́л переда́чи да́нных — data (communication) channel
    кана́л переда́чи да́нных, дискре́тный — digital data (communication) channel
    кана́л переда́чи да́нных, подтона́льный — subvoice grade channel
    кана́л переда́чи да́нных тона́льной частоты́ — voice-band data (communication) channel
    кана́л переда́чи да́нных, цифрово́й — digital data (communication) channel
    перепускно́й кана́л — by-pass (channel)
    кана́л пе́чи, дымово́й — waste gas [chimney] flue
    кана́л пе́чи, отводя́щий — offtake
    кана́л пе́чи, охлажда́ющий — cooling flue
    подводя́щий кана́л — intake conduit
    кана́л поддо́на метал.runner
    подхо́дный кана́л гидр.approach channel
    кана́л полево́го транзи́стора — channel of a field-effect transistor
    прито́чный кана́л — influent channel, intake duct
    прямо́й кана́л ( в передаче данных) — private line
    пылеосади́тельный кана́л — dust-collecting [precipitating] duct
    кана́л рабо́чей решё́тки ( турбины) — blade passage
    радиореле́йный кана́л — radio-relay [microwave] channel
    кана́л радиосвя́зи, веща́тельный — broadcast channel
    радиотелеметри́ческий кана́л — radiotelemetry channel
    кана́л реле́йной защи́ты — retay-protection channel
    кана́л реле́йной защи́ты, блокиро́вочный — carrier-blocking channel
    кана́л реле́йной защи́ты телеблокиро́вки — pilot channel
    самотё́чный кана́л гидр.gravity-flow conduit
    сбросно́й кана́л гидр.escape (discharge) canal
    кана́л свя́зи — communication channel
    набира́ть кана́л свя́зи — set up a channel
    кана́л свя́зи, авиацио́нный — aeronautical service channel
    кана́л свя́зи без па́мяти — memoryless channel
    кана́л свя́зи без поме́х — noiseless channel
    кана́л свя́зи, бина́рный симметри́чный — symmetric binary channel
    кана́л свя́зи, высокочасто́тный — carrier channel, carrier link
    кана́л свя́зи дежу́рного приё́ма ав.guard channel
    кана́л свя́зи, дискре́тный — discrete [digital] channel
    кана́л свя́зи, коммути́руемый — switched [dial-up] circuit, switched [dial-up] channel
    кана́л свя́зи на орбита́льных дипо́лях — dipole channel
    кана́л свя́зи, некоммути́руемый — leased [rented, unswitched] channel
    кана́л свя́зи, односторо́нний — one-way channel
    кана́л свя́зи, опти́ческий — optical channel
    кана́л свя́зи по ли́нии электропереда́чи — power-line-carrier [p.l.c.] channel
    кана́л свя́зи с аддити́вной поме́хой — additive-noise channel
    кана́л свя́зи с асинхро́нным уплотне́нием — asynchronously multiplexed channel
    кана́л свя́зи с временны́м разделе́нием — time-shared channel
    кана́л свя́зи, си́мплексный — simplex [one-way] channel
    кана́л свя́зи, служе́бный — engineering channel, engineering circuit
    кана́л свя́зи с па́мятью — channel with memory
    кана́л свя́зи с поме́хами — noisy channel
    кана́л свя́зи с часто́тным разделе́нием — frequency-division multiplexed channel
    кана́л свя́зи с часто́тным уплотне́нием — frequency-division-multiplex line
    кана́л свя́зи, уплотнё́нный — multiplexed channel
    селе́кторный кана́л ( в системах обработки и передачи информации) — selector channel
    селе́кторный кана́л позволя́ет подключа́ть к проце́ссору до, напр. 5 устро́йств вво́да-вы́вода — the selector channel attaches up to, e. g., 5 I/ O devices
    селе́кторный кана́л рабо́тает в монопо́льном режи́ме — the selector channel operates in the burst mode
    сливно́й кана́л гидр. — escape [discharge] channel
    кана́л с неукреплё́нными отко́сами — unlined canal
    кана́л с обра́тной свя́зью — feedback [two-way] channel
    соплово́й кана́л ( турбины) — nozzle passage
    сто́чный кана́л — escape canal, house drain
    судохо́дный кана́л — navigation [navigable, ship] canal
    телевизио́нный кана́л — television channel
    телегра́фный кана́л — telegraph channel
    телегра́фный кана́л по сре́дним то́чкам телефо́нных цепе́й — simplexed [superimposed] telegraph circuit
    телеметри́ческий кана́л — telemeter(ing) channel
    телефо́нный, высокочасто́тный кана́л — carrier telephone channel
    тона́льный кана́л — voice-frequency [v.f.] channel
    то́почный кана́л — heating flue
    кана́л управле́ния — control channel
    фи́льмовый кана́л ( кинокамеры или кинопроектора) — film gate
    форму́ющий кана́л пласт.moulding channel
    шла́ковый кана́л тепл.sluiceway
    шлюзо́ванный кана́л — lock canal
    кана́л экстру́дера, рабо́чий — screw channel of an extruder
    энергети́ческий кана́л — hydraulic-power canal
    эпитаксиа́льный кана́л полупр.epitaxial channel
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, авари́йный — safety channel
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, боково́й — by-pass, side channel
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для (вы́вода) пучка́ — beam port, beam hole, beam tube
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для облуче́ния — exposure [radiation] hole, irradiation tunnel, irradiation port
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для образцо́в — sample hole
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора для прибо́ров — instrumental hole
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, рабо́чий — reactor fuel tube, reactor fuel channel
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, технологи́ческий — reactor fuel channel
    кана́л я́дерного реа́ктора, эксперимента́льный — experimental port, test [experimental] hole

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > канал

  • 2 канал

    2) Computers: conversation
    4) Aviation: passageway
    5) Naval: canal (искусственный), fair leader, uptake
    6) Medicine: meatus, trema
    7) American: kill
    8) Literal: (новостей, сообщений и т. п.) feed
    9) Latin: canalis
    11) Engineering: artificial channel, bore, canal (искусственное сооружение), cavity, chain, channel region, channel slot, channeling, communication channel, conveying passage, flow passage, flume (печной), hole, pass, port (клапана), race, side canal, slot (в системах пакетной связи), trench (для окалины), water passage
    12) Agriculture: channel (см.тж. canal), ditch canal, (открытый) open canal
    14) Chemistry: pass (проход)
    17) Accounting: thoroughfare
    18) Automobile industry: gate, passage, port, vent, ventage
    19) Arabian language: gannabia
    21) Hydrography: bore (проход), passage (проход)
    22) Mining: conduit (проход)
    23) Forestry: ditch
    24) Metallurgy: hole (волоки), orifice (матрицы), porthole, (шламовый) sluiceway, (шламовый) trench (для окалины)
    25) Radio: path
    26) Telecommunications: system
    27) Textile: pipe (проход)
    28) Electronics: bed, clear channel
    29) Information technology: bus (передачи информации), hole (проход), loop, rail, track
    30) Oil: tunnel
    31) Cytology: (мембранный) channel
    32) Communications: circuit
    34) Astronautics: chute, ducting, gallery, perforation, stack
    35) Cartography: waterway
    36) Theory of mass service: channel (обслуживания)
    37) Mechanics: port ways, tract
    38) Ecology: line
    39) Drilling: port-hole
    41) Microelectronics: channel zone
    42) Network technologies: Channel (Путь передачи( электрических) сигналов между двумя или несколькими точками. Используются также: link, line, circuit и facility)
    43) Programming: linc
    44) Automation: bore (ствола, цилиндра), gutter, port way
    45) Sanitation: collecting channel
    48) Makarov: bore (трубки), channel (в полупроводниковых приборах), channel (напр. магазина строкоотливной машины), channel (связи, информации), draft (судна), duct (проход), flue (в печах и подобных устройствах), funnel (вулкана), gut, lane, open canal, orifice (матрицы или волоки), pass through, passage-way, shoot, water-course
    50) Internet: Channel (Путь передачи [электрических] сигналов между двумя или несколькими точками. Используются также термины: link, line, circuit и facility)
    51) SAP.tech. chnl
    53) Microsoft: chimney
    54) General subject: channel way, leader

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > канал

  • 3 перепускной канал

    6) Mechanic engineering: by-path
    7) Drilling: (уравновешивающий) puff port
    8) Automation: bypass duct, passage way
    9) Arms production: transfer port
    10) General subject: jump-over tube
    11) Makarov: by-pass channel
    12) General subject: conveying passage

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > перепускной канал

  • 4 водовод

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > водовод

  • 5 водовод

    supply conduit, conduit, culvert, line, conveying passage, flow passage, water passage, passage, race, sluice, waterway
    * * *
    водово́д м.
    water (pipe-)line, water conduit
    безнапо́рный водово́д — free-flow [gravity flow] conduit
    деривацио́нный водово́д — diversion canal
    водово́д за́мкнутого попере́чного сече́ния — closed (water) conduit
    магистра́льный водово́д — water main
    напо́рный водово́д — pressure tunnel
    подзе́мный водово́д — culvert
    турби́нный водово́д — penstock, power conduit
    * * *

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > водовод

  • 6 водовод

    ( подземный) conduit, culvert, conveying passage, flow passage, water passage, passage, race

    Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > водовод

  • 7 канал

    opening, channel, canal, cavity, cut, conduit, flume, ( для смазки) gallery, gatt, ( для воздуха) hole, leat, conveying passage, flow passage, water passage, passage, well, race

    Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > канал

  • 8 передаточный канал

    Railway term: conveying passage

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > передаточный канал

  • 9 перепускной

    1) Naval: by-pas, by-pass
    2) Railway term: conveying passage
    3) Oil: crossover, holdup
    4) Astronautics: bypass, hold-up
    5) Drilling: CX (crossover), X-over (crossover), cross-over
    6) oil&gas: bypass header

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > перепускной

  • 10 передача

    1) General subject: assignation, assignment, broadcast, cession, commitment, committal, communication (мыслей, сведений и т. п.), conveyance (имущества), conveyance (новостей, известий и т.п.), delivery, devolution (власти, обязанностей и т. п.), disposal, drive, driving, feeding (мяча), gear, gear unit, handover (полномочий, дел, собственности и др.), imparting, package, program, programme, referral (дела и т. п.), rendering, reproduction, speed (в сложных словах), submission, transference, transference (права на товарный знак), transfering, transfusion (чувств), transmit, disposition, transfer, parcel (в тюрьме, в больнице)
    2) Aviation: detaching, devolving
    6) Military: broadcast brigade, delegation (прав, обязанностей, полномочий), gear, handoff, retransfer, take-over (обороняемых позиций при смене), transmittal (сообщения), turnover
    7) Engineering: block transfer, block-by-block transfer, broadcast (вещательная), broadcasting (вещание), communication (данных), communications, dispatch, dissemination (напр. сигналов), exchange, gear (механизм передачи движения), gear fast/run slow, gear speed, gearing (механизм передачи движения), messaging (сообщений), pass (маркёра), passing (маркёра), propagation (сигнала), relay, relaying (сигнала), rendition (воспроизведение), shafting, ship (пересылка данных), shipping (пересылка данных), transfer (технологии), transition, transmission
    8) Agriculture: carry-over (болезни)
    9) Rare: rendition
    10) Construction: conveyance (звука, тепла), conveying (звука, тепла), transfer (напр, документов)
    13) Law: assignation (права или собственности), conveyance (имущества), delegation, disposal (функции), gift over, relegation, removal, transfer (of part of territory) (части территории), transport (напр прав), utterance, (прав или правового титула) abalienation (Black's Law Dictionary - Civil law. The transfer of an interest in or title to property; alienation.)
    14) Economy: circulation, delegation (полномочий), legal delivery, spin-off, split-off, tradition, transfer (права, имущества)
    16) Automobile industry: gearing, step
    17) Architecture: rendering (образа, стиля и т.п.), rendition (образа, стиля и т.п.)
    18) Mining: disposal (материалов, ценностей)
    19) Diplomatic term: cession (прав, имущества), devolution (обязанностей, функций и т.п.), handover (документа, территории и т.п.), transfer (имущества, права и т.п.), transfer (вооружения, права на что-л. и т.п.)
    20) Cinema: carriage
    21) Forestry: pickup
    22) Metallurgy: convey
    26) Telecommunications: (факсимильная) projection, reconnaissance, synchronization
    27) Electronics: linkage, transmitting, working
    30) Communications: relay (сигнала)
    31) Astronautics: transferring, writing
    33) Banking: negotiation
    34) Mechanic engineering: driving rope
    35) Metrology: transfer (например, размера единицы)
    36) Advertising: broadcast (радио или телевизионная), broadcasting, feed, pick-up (программы), translation
    37) Patents: release (права, имущества)
    40) Network technologies: forwarding
    44) Arms production: transformation
    45) leg.N.P. rotation, traditio, tradition (e.g., of a thing sold), transfer (e.g., of a right, title, or property)
    47) Aviation medicine: conductance (активная)
    48) Makarov: assignment (прав и т.п.), circulation (информации), conductance, delivering, disposition (of) (кому-л.), donation, emission (вид излучения), exchange of messages (передаваемая информация, сообщения), gear (в механике), gear ratio, move (данных), movement (данных), moving, passage, projection (мысли, образа и т.п.), signalling (особ. метод передачи в линию; передаваемая информация, сообщения), traffic of messages (передаваемая информация, сообщения), transfer (данных), transfer (информации, излучения), transfer (напр. изображения), transfer (перенос изделия на агрегатных станках), transferal, transferring (напр. изображения), transmission (в механике), transmission (вид излучения), transmission (информации, излучения), transmission (механизм передачи движения), transmission (напр. информации), transmission line
    49) Bicycle: gear (top gear - высокая (быстрая) передача, low gear - низкая (медленная) передача)
    51) SAP.tech. passed on
    52) SAP.fin. book transfer
    53) oil&gas: loan
    54) Tengiz: linkage (мех.)
    55) Combustion gas turbines: transmission (напр., тепла)
    56) Cement: driving mechanism

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > передача

  • 11 Beförderung

    Beförderung f 1. GEN advancement; upgrading (Beschäftigungspolitik); 2. IMP/EXP freighting, shipment; 3. KOMM shipment; transmission (elektronisch); 4. PERS promotion, advancement, upgrading (Aufstieg); 5. LOGIS transport, transportation, carriage, haulage
    * * *
    f 1. < Geschäft> advancement, Beschäftigungspolitik upgrading; 2. <Imp/Exp> freighting, shipment; 3. < Komm> shipment, elektronisch transmission; 4. < Person> Aufstieg promotion, advancement, upgrading; 5. < Transp> transport, transportation, carriage, haulage
    * * *
    Beförderung
    carriage, carrying, conveyance, conveying, transfer, (Absendung) dispatch, forwarding, (Güter) haul[age], freightage, shipment (US), (Rang) step, promotion, (in einer Stellung) promotion, preferment, advance[ment], lift, elevation, (Telegramm) transmission, (Transport) handling, transport[ation];
    zur Beförderung übernommen received for shipment (US);
    durchgehende Beförderung through transportation;
    frachtpflichtige Beförderung chargeable conveyance;
    spätere Beförderung future advancement;
    Beförderung per Achse road transport;
    Beförderung per (mit der) Bahn rail (railway) transport, transportation by rail;
    Beförderung im Binnenschifffahrtsverkehr river transport (Br.), inland waterway transportation (US);
    Beförderung von Briefen carriage of letters;
    Beförderung nach dem Dienstalter advance (promotion) by seniority, seniority basis;
    Beförderung als Drucksache book post (Br.);
    Beförderung als Eilgut carrying express;
    Beförderung gegen Entgelt carriage on hire;
    kostenlose Beförderung der Familienangehörigen free family passage;
    Beförderung von Freikarteninhabern deadhead transportation;
    Beförderung von Führungskräften executive promotion;
    Beförderung von Gepäck transportation of baggage;
    Beförderung von Haus zu Haus door-to-door transport;
    Beförderung auf dem Landweg land carriage (transport);
    Beförderung mit dem Lastkraftwagen (per LKW) motor-truck transport (US), road transport (haulage);
    Beförderung auf dem Luftweg transport[ation] by air, air[craft] transport[ation];
    Beförderung von Massengütern transport in bulk, conveyance in bulk (mass);
    Beförderung im Nahverkehr short-distance transport;
    Beförderung von Personen conveyance of passengers, passenger transport;
    Beförderung durch die Post postal transport, carriage by mail;
    Beförderung außer der Reihe prepromotion;
    Beförderung der Reihe nach lineal promotion;
    direkte Beförderung von Seefracht freighting voyage;
    Beförderung auf dem Seeweg carriage by sea, waterborne (marine) transport;
    Beförderung von und zum Speicher (Spediteur) elevating service;
    tariffreie Beförderung für Stauung dunnage allowance;
    Beförderung im Straßenfernverkehr highway transportation;
    Beförderung eines Telegramms transmission of a telegram;
    Beförderung im Transitverkehr through transport;
    Beförderung mit Umladung transshipment;
    Beförderung durch öffentliche Verkehrsmittel common carrier transportation;
    Beförderung verbrauchssteuerpflichtiger Waren innerhalb der Gemeinschaft movement of excisable products between member states;
    Beförderung auf dem Wasserweg sea (waterborne) transport, water carriage, waterage;
    Beförderung sperriger Güter ablehnen to refuse to carry bulky goods;
    zur Beförderung anstehen to be about to be promoted, to be on one’s promotion, to be eligible (in line) for promotion;
    auf seine Beförderung hinarbeiten to urge one’s promotion;
    mit einer Beförderung rechnen to calculate on preferment;
    in der Beförderung an der Reihe sein to be in line for promotion;
    jds. Beförderung im Wege stehen to prove an obstacle to s. one’s promotion;
    j. bei der Beförderung übergehen to supersede s. o., to pass over s. one’s head;
    Beförderung verdienen to merit promotion;
    zur Beförderung vorsehen to mark out for promotion.

    Business german-english dictionary > Beförderung

  • 12 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 13 vectura

    vectūra, ae, f. [veho], a bearing, carrying, conveying, transportation by carriage or by ship; a riding, etc.
    I.
    Lit. (class.):

    equi idonei ad vecturam,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15:

    misimus qui pro vecturā solveret,

    for the transportation, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2: mercium. Dig. 4, 9, 4: sine vecturae periculo. of transportation by sea, Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 4.— Plur.:

    remiges, arma, frumenta, vecturae imperabantur,

    transport, conveyance, Caes. B. C. 3, 32:

    vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus descripsit,

    id. ib. 3, 42:

    onerum,

    Gell. 5, 3, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., passage-money, freight-money, fare, freight, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; Sen. Ben. 6, 15, 4; Petr. 101, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vectura

  • 14 venter

    venter, tris, m. [perh. for gventer; cf. Gr. gastêr; Sanscr. gatharas].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., the belly (syn.:

    alvus, abdomen),

    Plin. 11, 37, 82. § 207; Cels. 7, 16; Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 4; Cic. Div 2, 58, 119.— Plur., Mart. 13, 26, 1; Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157. —
    B.
    In partic., as the seat of the stomach, conveying the accessory idea of greediness, gormandizing, the paunch, maw: Cyclopis venter, velut olim turserat alte, Carnibus humanis distentus, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 326 Vahl.); Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 33:

    ventri operam dare,

    id. Ps. 1, 2, 43; id. Pers. 1, 3, 18; Hor. S. 1, 6, 128; 2, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 15, 32; Juv. 3, 167; 11, 40:

    proin tu tui cottidiani victi ventrem ad me adferas,

    i. e. an appetite for ordinary food, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 75: vivite lurcones, comedones, vivite ventres, ye maws, for ye gluttons, gormandizers, Lucil. ap. Non. 11, 8.—In partic.:

    ventrem facere,

    to have a passage at stool, Veg. Vet. 3, 57.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    The womb:

    homines in ventre necandos Conducit,

    Juv. 6, 596.—
    2.
    The fruit of the womb, fœtus: ignorans nurum ventrem ferre, Liv 1, 34, 2; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 19; Col. 6, 24, 2; Dig. 5, 4, 3; 25, 6, 1; 37, 9, 1, § 13; 29, 2, 30; Ov. M. 11, 311; Hor. Epod. 17, 50.—
    B.
    The bowels, entrails, Col. 9, 14, 6; Plin. 11, 20, 23, § 70.—
    C.
    Of any thing that swells or bellies out, a belly, i. e. a swelling, protuberance:

    tumidoque cucurbita ventre,

    Prop. 4, 2, 23 (5, 2, 43); Verg. G. 4, 122:

    lagonae,

    Juv. 12, 60:

    concavus tali,

    Plin. 11, 46, 106, § 255:

    parietis,

    Dig. 8, 5, 17:

    aquae ductus,

    Vitr. 8, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > venter

  • 15 λαοπόρος

    A serving as a passage for the people, man-conveying, λ. μαχαναί a bridge, A.Pers. 113 (lyr.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαοπόρος

  • 16 ἅπτω

    ἅπτω 1 aor. ἧψα, ptc. ἅψας. Mid.: fut. ἅψομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἡψάμην; pf. 3 sg. ἧπται; ptc. ἡμμένος LXX. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ἀφθήσεται Jer 31:9 B S (Hom.+).
    to cause illumination or burning to take place, light, kindle (Aeschyl., Hdt.; PGM 7, 543; POxy 1297, 4; 7; 13; LXX, Joseph.) λύχνον ἅ. (Herodas 8, 6; PAthen 60, 6; Epict. 1, 20, 19; Diog. L. 4, 66; 6, 41; TestSol 6:10 λύχνους; Philo, Gig. 33 [mid.]; Jos., Ant. 3, 199) Lk 8:16; 11:33; 15:8. ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire (Eur., Hel. 503; Phalaris, Ep. 122, 2; Jdth 13:13; TestSol 7:5; Jos., Ant. 4, 55) Lk 22:55 v.l.; Ac 28:2. Pass. Mk 4:21 v.l. (cp. PGM 13, 683 λύχνους ἡμμένους).
    to make close contact, mid. w. gen. (Hom. et al.; En, PsSol, GrBar; Jos., Ant. 6, 308 al; Just., Ath.; Mel., P. 52, 383).
    gener. touch, take hold of, hold τινός someone or someth. Lk 7:39; IRo 5:2. Dg 12:8. MPol 13:2. Hs 1:11; the sky by throwing a stone m 11:18.— Touch someone’s chest, spontaneously, of one who is speaking Hv 1, 4, 2; cp. 3, 1, 6. Cp. GHb 356, 39=ISm 3:2. ἅψαι τοῦ παιδίου take hold of the child GJs 20:3. Fig., take hold of τ. βασιλείας the Kingdom B 7:11.—JBauer, Agraphon 90 Resch: ZNW 62, ’71, 301–3.
    cling to μή μου ἅπτου stop clinging to me! (s. BHaensler, BZ 11, 1913, 172–77; KKastner, ibid. 13, 1915, 344–53; KRösch, ibid. 14, 1917, 333–37; BViolet, ZNW 24, 1925, 78–80; FPerles, ibid. 25, 1926, 287; WCotter, ET 43, ’32, 45f; TNicklin, ibid. 51, ’39/40, 478; JMaiworm, ThGl ’38, 540–46) J 20:17 (Arrian, Anab. 6, 13, 3: Alexander is severely wounded in the chest by an arrow and his soldiers cannot believe that he is still alive. When he appears among them, recovered from his wound, they take hold [ἁπτόμενοι] of his hands, knees, and clothing in astonishment and delight).
    freq. of touching as a means of conveying a blessing (divine working by a touch of the hand: Anton. Lib. 4, 7 Ἀπόλλων ἁψάμενος αὐτοῦ τῇ χειρὶ πέτρον ἐποίησεν; Ps.-Apollod. 2, 1, 3, 1 Zeus transforms by touching [ἅπτεσθαι]) Mk 10:13; Lk 18:15 (here perh. hold), esp. to bring about a healing (SIG 1169, 62). Gener. of touching persons who are ill Mt 8:3; 17:7; Mk 1:41; 8:22; Lk 5:13. ἅψαι αὐτῆς ἐκ τ. χειρῶν σου Mk 5:23 D. Esp. of touching parts of the body (SIG 1170, 23 ἥψατό μου τῆς δεξιᾶς χιρός) τ. γλώσσης (cp. Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 18) Mk 7:33. τ. ὀφθαλμῶν Mt 9:29; cp. 20:34; 8:15; Lk 22:51. Likew. τῆς σοροῦ touch the coffin, if the purpose was to raise the dead man, not simply to halt the bearers (cp. Aphrodite touching a chariot Pind., P. 9, 11) Lk 7:14. Of those who are ill, touching the healer Mk 3:10; 6:56; Lk 6:19; 8:45ff. Also of touching the clothes of the healer (cp. Athen. 5, 212f ἑκάστου σπεύδοντος κἂν προσάψασθαι τῆς ἐσθῆτος) ἅ. τ. ἱματίου touch his cloak Mt 9:21; Mk 5:27; 6:56. τ. ἱματίων 5:28, 30f. τ. κρασπέδου the hem or tassel Mt 9:20; 14:36; Lk 8:44.
    to partake of someth., w. cultic implications, have contact with, touch. Of contact w. unclean things 2 Cor 6:17 (Num 16:26; Is 52:11). The abs. μὴ ἅψῃ you must not touch or handle Col 2:21 can be interpreted in this sense. On the other hand, ἅπτεσθαι can mean eat, like our ‘touch food’ (Od. 4, 60; Plut., Anton. 923 [17]; Chariton 6, 2, 8 οὐχ ἥπτετο τροφῆς; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 5 σίτου ἅπτεσθαι; Aelian, VH 12, 37 ἐπʼ ἀπορίᾳ τροφῶν ἥψατο τῶν καμήλων=he seized [and ate] the camels; Diog. L. 6, 73 κρεῶν; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 3, 27 p. 105, 9; Philo, Exs. 134; Jos., Ant. 4, 234; 8, 362; 13, 276; En 25:4f [tree of life, as in GrBar 4:8]). We would, then, have in this passage the anticlimax eat, taste, touch. Finally, θιγγάνω, like ἅπτ. and γεύομαι (q.v. 1) can mean eat (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 191 κυάμων μὴ θιγγάνειν; 13, 61 γεύεσθαι=Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 24 θιγγάνειν; POxy 1185, 10f [c. 200 A.D.], where three difft. expr. for ‘eat’ are grouped together: τὸν παῖδα δεῖ ἄρτον ἐσθίειν, ἅλας ἐπιτρώγειν, ὀψαρίου μὴ θιγγάνειν [eat, eat [with], not eat at all]). The combination ἐσθ., τρωγ., θιγγ. might corresp. to Col 2:21 ἅπτ., γεύ., θιγγ., taken to mean eat, enjoy, consume (ἅ. and γεύ. together, both=‘eat’ in Teles p. 34, 5). The verbs, perh. used in association w. var. foods (s. POxy 1185) by the false spirits, are effectively combined by Paul, in order to picture the feeling of dread which he castigates.
    to touch intimately, have sexual contact, of intercourse w. a woman (Pla., Leg. 8, 840a; Aristot., Pol. 7, 14, 12 [1335b]; Plut., Alex. 676 [21, 9]; M. Ant. 1, 17, 13; Jos., Ant. 1, 163; Gen 20:6; Pr 6:29) γυναικὸς μὴ ἅ. 1 Cor 7:1 (ἅπτεσθαι w. gen. of ‘touching’ a woman in general: Vi. Aesopi G103).
    to make contact with a view to causing harm, touch for the purpose of harming, injure (Diod S 1, 84, 1; Arrian, Alex. Anab. 4, 4, 2; Ps 104:15; 1 Ch 16:22; Zech 2:12; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 7 Jac.) ὁ πονηρὸς οὐχ ἅπτεται αὐτοῦ the evil one cannot harm him (or cannot even touch him; cp. 1 Esdr 4:28; PsSol 13:6; TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 11 [Stone p. 40]) 1J 5:18.—Fig. οὐχ ἅψηται σου κακόν no evil shall touch you 1 Cl 56:8 (Job 5:19; cp. PsSol 13:6; 15:4).—OHeick, Hapto in the NT: Luth. Church Quart. 12, ’39, 90–95.—B. 76; 1061. DELG. M-M s.v. ἅπτομαι. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἅπτω

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